{"id":18194,"date":"2024-03-11T13:38:16Z","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T12:38:16Z","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/?p=18194"},"modified":"2024-06-12T10:44:50Z","modified_gmt":"2024-06-12T08:44:50Z","slug":"alergie-a-prehnana-reakce-imunity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/blog\/alergie-a-prehnana-reakce-imunity\/","title":{"rendered":"Alergie: Co d\u011blat p\u0159i p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 reakci imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Alergie na vzestupu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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R\u00fdma, otekl\u00e9 a sv\u011bd\u00edc\u00ed o\u010di: lid\u00e9 trp\u00edc\u00ed sennou r\u00fdmou<\/strong> se sotva<\/strong> raduj\u00ed z jara,<\/strong> proto\u017ee se d\u00edky stoupaj\u00edc\u00edm teplot\u00e1m<\/strong> mus\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt p\u0159ipravovat na dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed alergi\u00ed<\/strong>. Toto se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu lid\u00ed, nebo\u0165 alergie<\/strong> na pyl<\/strong> je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alergi\u00ed<\/strong> a v na\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u011bta postihuje asi 15 % populace<\/strong>.<\/p>

Po\u010det alergik\u016f na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b ji\u017e po n\u011bkolik let stoup\u00e1. Roberta Koch Institut p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka bude alespo\u0148 jednou v \u017eivot\u011b diagnostikov\u00e1na alergie<\/strong>. Asi ka\u017ed\u00fd z n\u00e1s zn\u00e1 n\u011bkoho, kdo je alergick\u00fd na tr\u00e1vu, prachu, ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed srst, o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ky a podobn\u011b? A i p\u0159es diagn\u00f3zu se v\u011bt\u0161ina posti\u017een\u00fdch se k adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b podob\u011b hyposenzibilizace nedostane. Ta <\/strong>m\u00e1 80% \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost,<\/strong> ale bohu\u017eel\u00a0 nechr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> p\u0159ed<\/strong> vznikem nov\u00fdch alergi\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>. Tatkto mnoho lid\u00ed bojuje s p\u0159\u00edznaky alergi\u00ed pomoc\u00ed tablet, o\u010dn\u00edch kapek a nosn\u00edch sprej\u016f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b podstata z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 netknut\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>

T\u00edm ale posti\u017een\u00fdm hroz\u00ed\u00a0 p\u0159esun pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0do spodn\u00edch<\/strong> d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest<\/strong>, pr\u016fdu\u0161ek. V\u00fdsledkem je alergick\u00e9 astma<\/a>, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuje a\u017e ve 40 % nel\u00e9\u010den\u00fdch alergi\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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St\u00e1le v\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed trp\u00ed alergi\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dr. Adolf Heschl<\/strong>, doktor biologie a v\u011bdeck\u00fd konzultant, pozorn\u011b sleduje rostouc\u00ed v\u00fdznam tohoto t\u00e9matu. „Ka\u017ed\u00fd druh\u00fd dotaz na na\u0161e poradce<\/strong> se nyn\u00ed to\u010d\u00ed kolem alergi\u00ed<\/strong> nebo intoleranc\u00ed<\/strong>. Je tak\u00e9 patrn\u00e9, \u017ee se toto t\u00e9ma t\u00fdk\u00e1 st\u00e1le v\u00edce d\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong>, a to ji\u017e od<\/strong> narozen\u00ed<\/strong>.“<\/p>

Alergie v podob\u011b atopick\u00e9ho ekz\u00e9mu –<\/a> zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho tak\u00e9<\/a> jako neurodermatitida<\/a> – se projevuj\u00ed ji\u017e u kojenc\u016f a batolat. Jedn\u00e1 se o probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se<\/strong> v z\u00e1padn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong> v posledn\u00edch letech ztrojn\u00e1sobil a<\/strong> v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b j\u00edm trp\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 a\u017e 20 % v\u0161ech d\u011bt\u00ed na<\/strong> sv\u011bt\u011b. P\u0159\u00edznaky jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, otoky, zarudnut\u00ed a poprask\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee<\/strong>, u d\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st i<\/strong> k probl\u00e9m\u016fm se sp\u00e1nkem<\/strong>, proto\u017ee sv\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v noci velmi siln\u00e9. „Pokud se tyto d\u011bti neprojdou pat\u0159i\u010dnou l\u00e9\u010dbou, \u010dasto potom pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota projdou charakteristickou kari\u00e9rou alergika,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Heschl. V d\u016fsledku poruchy regulace imunitn\u00edho<\/strong> syst\u00e9mu se k atopick\u00e9 dermatitid\u011b (\u010dasto ve spojen\u00ed s potravinovou alergi\u00ed) pozd\u011bji p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed alergick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, jako je alergie na<\/strong> pyl<\/strong>\u00a0nebo rozto\u010de dom\u00e1c\u00edho prachu<\/strong>, a po f\u00e1z\u00edch bez obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed dokonce astma<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pro\u010d neust\u00e1le p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 alergi\u00ed?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pro\u010d se u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed alergie objevuj\u00ed a u jin\u00fdch ne, to dosud nen\u00ed zcela jasn\u00e9. Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee alergie zhor\u0161uj\u00ed na\u0161e<\/strong> \u017eivotn\u00edmi podm\u00ednky<\/strong> v modern\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch zem\u00edch<\/strong>. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 hygiena<\/strong>, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong>, klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a s nimi spojen\u00e9 zm\u011bny v<\/strong> rostlinn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong> pat\u0159\u00ed mezi aspekty, o nich\u017e je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee souvisej\u00ed s \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm alergick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Pylov\u00fdmi alergiemi<\/strong> trp\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce lid\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na ve m\u011bstech<\/strong>. Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, jako je oz\u00f3n, oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd<\/strong> nebo pevn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong>, jsou siln\u00fdmi oxida\u010dn\u00edmi \u010diniteli a vedou k z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdm reakc\u00edm v d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest\u00e1ch. M\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 chemickou strukturu alergen\u016f obsa\u017een\u00fdch v pylu, kter\u00fd se vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed kolem, co\u017e d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost. Je tak\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee \u010detn\u00e9 alergeny<\/strong> jsou produkov\u00e1ny \u010dast\u011bji<\/strong>, kdy\u017e jsou rostliny<\/strong> vystaveny stresu,<\/strong> tj. p\u0159i horku<\/strong>, suchu<\/strong> nebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9m p\u016fsoben\u00ed l\u00e1tek zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"P\u0159edprogramovan\u00e1\" alergie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Krom\u011b vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f hraj\u00ed roli tak\u00e9 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 dispozice<\/strong>. Pokud jeden z rodi\u010d\u016f trp\u00ed alergiemi, m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b o<\/strong> 20 a\u017e 40 %<\/strong> vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> riziko,<\/strong> \u017ee se u n\u011bj tento probl\u00e9m tak\u00e9 projev\u00ed. Jsou-li posti\u017eeni oba rodi\u010de, zvy\u0161uje se toto riziko a\u017e o 80 %. Podle na\u0161ich sou\u010dasn\u00fdch poznatk\u016f se nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed faktor, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit sklon jedince k alergi\u00edm, nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo v na\u0161em t\u011ble – ve st\u0159evech<\/strong>. Ne nadarmo je pova\u017eov\u00e1no st\u0159evo za „centrum na\u0161\u00ed imunity“, v\u017edy\u0165 se zde nach\u00e1z\u00ed 70 % v\u0161ech imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk produkuj\u00edc\u00edch protil\u00e1tky<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na reakci imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku nen\u00ed alergie<\/strong> nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e nadm\u011brn\u00e1 reakce na\u0161eho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong>. \u010cetn\u00e9 studie dnes potvrdily, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory maj\u00ed vliv na vznik alergie – jedn\u00e1 se o tzv. farmakoefekt<\/a>. D\u011bti,<\/strong> kter\u00e9 vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed na farm\u011b<\/strong> (nebo v jej\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed bl\u00edzkosti), maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku alergick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, co\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edm ochrann\u00fdm faktor\u016fm obsa\u017een\u00fdm ve stodoln\u00edm prachu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n <\/i> <\/div>\n
\n Studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee d\u011bti s n\u00edzkou mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed biodiverzitou maj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko alergi\u00ed. <\/div>\n
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P\u0159em\u00edra hygieny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Opa\u010dn\u00fd efekt je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako hygienick\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za<\/strong>. „V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e1 hygiena podporuje<\/strong> rozvoj alergick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, proto\u017ee vede k trval\u00e9 nadm\u011brn\u00e9 aktivaci<\/strong> vrozen\u00e9ho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong>,“ vysv\u011btluje Heschl. To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto koupan\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dast\u00e9 myt\u00ed – \u010dasto s nadm\u011brn\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm myc\u00edho ml\u00e9ka nebo m\u00fddla – odstra\u0148uje<\/strong> z d\u011btsk\u00e9 poko\u017eky<\/a> ochrann\u00fd kysel\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165<\/strong> a sni\u017euje ochrannou bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed fl\u00f3ru. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto dva ochrann\u00e9 faktory proti alergick\u00fdm reakc\u00edm ovliv\u0148uje nadm\u011brn\u011b „\u010dist\u00fd“ \u017eivotn\u00ed styl i ve st\u0159evech –<\/strong>\u00a0spr\u00e1vnou hodnotu pH<\/strong> a co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det <\/strong>komenz\u00e1ln\u00edch – tj. \u00a0prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch<\/strong> – bakteri\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>. \u010cetn\u00e9 studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee mezi mikrobiomem k\u016f\u017ee a mikrobiomem st\u0159ev existuje \u00fazk\u00e1 souvislost. Odborn\u00edci hovo\u0159\u00ed o ose st\u0159evo-k\u016f\u017ee.<\/strong> Podle n\u00ed lid\u00e9 s ko\u017en\u00edmi chorobami \u010dasto trp\u00ed i chorobami tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu – a naopak.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vrozen\u00e1 a z\u00edskan\u00e1 imunita<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V pr\u016fb\u011bhu evoluce si lid\u00e9 vyvinuli komplexn\u00ed obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd<\/strong> je chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed patogeny zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edmi nemoci. Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je z\u010d\u00e1sti vrozen\u00fd<\/strong>\u00a0a z\u010d\u00e1sti z\u00edskan\u00fd<\/strong>. Vzhledem k \u010dast\u00fdm infekc\u00edm u d\u011bt\u00ed a kojenc\u016f je tomu t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 uv\u011b\u0159it, ale: „D\u011bti<\/strong> maj\u00ed velmi schopn\u00fd imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/strong> – a ten je zalo\u017een na tom, \u017ee jsou neust\u00e1le vystavov\u00e1ny potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm patogen\u016fm,“ vysv\u011btluje odborn\u00edk na mikrobiom. „V mat\u010din\u011b d\u011bloze je d\u00edt\u011b je\u0161t\u011b v chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale p\u0159i narozen\u00ed<\/strong> je imunitn\u00ed obrana<\/strong> d\u00edt\u011bte prakticky ze vte\u0159iny na vte\u0159inu konfrontov\u00e1na se<\/strong> zcela nov\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm – vrozen\u00fd imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m se tedy aktivuje okam\u017eit\u011b.“<\/p>

Teprve kdy\u017e vrozen\u00fd imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m nedok\u00e1\u017ee patogeny zni\u010dit, nastupuje z\u00edskan\u00fd<\/strong> imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se vyv\u00edj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Je mnohem p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong> a dok\u00e1\u017ee si<\/strong> \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky<\/strong> trvale zapamatovat<\/strong>. Tyto imunitn\u00ed reakce jsou \u0159\u00edzeny slo\u017eitou souhrou pomocn\u00fdch bun\u011bk TH1 a TH2<\/strong>. V prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivota je proto nutn\u00e9, aby bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed kmeny, jako jsou bifidobakterie<\/strong> a laktobacily<\/strong> p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 ve st\u0159evn\u00edm mikrobiomu, stimulovaly dozr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011bk TH1, aby vyv\u00e1\u017eily p\u0159evahu TH2, kter\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u011b existuje po narozen\u00ed.<\/p>

Pokud nerovnov\u00e1ha mezi<\/strong> bu\u0148kami TH1 a TH2<\/strong> p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 i po narozen\u00ed<\/strong>, existuje vysok\u00e1<\/strong> pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee<\/strong> se u d\u00edt\u011bte d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji objev\u00ed alergick\u00e9 reakce<\/strong> v podob\u011b ekz\u00e9mu. Studie ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee u d\u011bt\u00ed s n\u00edzkou mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed biodiverzitou trp\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizikem vzniku alergi\u00ed. Bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee d\u011bti narozen\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdm \u0159ezem<\/strong>\u00a0a d\u011bti n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t l\u00e9\u010den\u00e9 antibiotiky<\/strong> maj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b druhov\u011b bohat\u00fd st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom<\/strong> a maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sklon k rozvoji alergi\u00ed<\/strong> ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed d\u011bti. Podobn\u011b zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed mikrobiomu bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno tak\u00e9 u d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly m\u00edsto kojen\u00ed<\/a> krmeny z l\u00e1hve. Mikrobiom matky<\/strong> tak\u00e9 ur\u010duje sklon d\u00edt\u011bte k alergi\u00edm, proto\u017ee p\u0159irozen\u00fdm porodem doch\u00e1z\u00ed k p\u0159enosu st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry matky na d\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Prevence pomoc\u00ed probiotik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se nask\u00fdt\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, jak p\u0159edch\u00e1zet<\/strong> vzniku alergi\u00ed<\/strong> – zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b rodinn\u00e9 anamn\u00e9zy – ji\u017e od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku<\/strong>: A sice obnoven\u00edm optim\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy TH1\/TH2 a \u010detn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy <\/strong>uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed kmeny maj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b tuto schopnost. Dokonce i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch alergi\u00ed v prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivota bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kombinace bakteri\u00ed<\/strong> ( matkou<\/strong> v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed<\/strong> a d\u00edt\u011btem v prvn\u00edm roce \u017eivota<\/strong>) m\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit<\/strong> v\u00fdskytu ekz\u00e9mu<\/strong> o v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 %<\/strong> – a to i daleko nad r\u00e1mec u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed probiotik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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F\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje alergi\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vielfach h\u00e4lt sich noch die Meinung, Allergien entwickelt man meistens im Kindesalter, doch: \u201eEs gibt mehrere Abschnitte im Leben<\/strong>, in denen Allergien entstehen k\u00f6nnen<\/strong>\u201c, gibt Heschl zu bedenken. Sensible Phasen, bei denen sich unser Immunsystem an eine neue mikrobielle Umwelt anpassen muss, sind beispielsweise Kindergarten- und Schuleintritt<\/strong> oder die Pubert\u00e4t<\/strong>, die sich durch noch mehr k\u00f6rperliche N\u00e4he zu anderen Menschen auszeichnet. Wenn dann die Immunzentrale Darm nicht im Gleichgewicht<\/strong> ist, k\u00f6nnen sich schnell neue Allergien<\/strong> ausbilden. Auch im Alter<\/strong> ist man davor nicht gefeit und kann gef\u00fchlt von einem Tag auf den anderen mit Allergiesymptomen k\u00e4mpfen: \u201eDas d\u00fcrfte vor allem damit zusammenh\u00e4ngen, dass die Produktion von Schleim<\/strong> an den Schleimh\u00e4uten des K\u00f6rpers zur\u00fcckgeht, wodurch vermehrt potenzielle Allergene und Giftstoffe in den Organismus gelangen\u201c, erkl\u00e4rt der Experte.<\/p>

Mnoho z n\u00e1s se st\u00e1le domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee alergie se obvykle objevuj\u00ed v d\u011btstv\u00ed. „Existuje n\u011bkolik f\u00e1z\u00ed \u017eivota, kdy<\/strong> se alergie mohou objevit<\/strong>,“ upozor\u0148uje Heschl. Citliv\u00fdmi f\u00e1zemi, v nich\u017e se n\u00e1\u0161 imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit nov\u00e9mu mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1stup do \u0161kolky a \u0161koly<\/strong> nebo puberta<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je charakteristick\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed fyzickou bl\u00edzkost\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi lidmi. Pokud nen\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed centrum v rovnov\u00e1ze<\/strong>, mohou se rychle<\/strong> objevit nov\u00e9 alergie<\/strong>. Ani ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku<\/strong> proti tomu nejste imunn\u00ed a m\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt pocit, \u017ee se s p\u0159\u00edznaky alergie pot\u00fdk\u00e1te ze dne na den: „Je to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsobeno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee se sni\u017euje produkce hlenu<\/strong> na t\u011blesn\u00fdch sliznic\u00edch, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se do organismu dost\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch alergen\u016f a toxin\u016f,“ vysv\u011btluje odborn\u00edk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed c\u00edl: Pos\u00edlen\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Krom\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je pro prevenci alergi\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed siln\u00e1 st\u0159evn\u00ed bari\u00e9ra<\/strong>. Ta funguje ve zdrav\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b jako neproniknuteln\u00fd ochrann\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt<\/strong> proti patogen\u016fm a alergen\u016fm. Negativn\u00ed faktory \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu tuto bari\u00e9ru st\u00e1le v\u00edce oslabuj\u00ed, ta se tako st\u00e1v\u00e1 propustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 slo\u017eky potravy, toxick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/strong> a alergeny<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 pak pronikaj\u00ed do organismu. Dlouhodob\u00fd stres<\/a>, u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antibiotik<\/a> \u010di jin\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f nebo nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 strava s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem vl\u00e1kniny<\/a> proto zvy\u0161uj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost vzniku alergi\u00ed nebo potravinov\u00fdch intoleranc\u00ed i v dosp\u011blosti. Heschl proto rad\u00ed: „V\u0161echna opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 posiluj\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed bari\u00e9ru coby mikrobi\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrann\u00fd \u0161t\u00edt proti negativn\u00edm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vliv\u016fm, dopom\u00e1haj\u00ed k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed toleranci st\u0159evn\u00edho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a sni\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 reakce imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na alergeny. Dostanel-li se skrze st\u0159evn\u00ed bari\u00e9ru<\/strong>\u00a0jen m\u00e1lo alergen\u016f<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017ee se<\/strong> imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/strong> v\u011bnovat<\/strong> skute\u010dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm obrann\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm, jako je<\/strong> nap\u0159\u00edklad obrana proti nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm patogen\u016fm, jimi\u017e jsou st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji bakterie rezistentn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di antibiotik\u016fm.“<\/p>

Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem<\/strong> \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9<\/strong> st\u0159evn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry<\/strong> je v\u017edy dostate\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed imunomodula\u010dn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed<\/strong>. Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kmeny bakteri\u00ed maj\u00ed schopnost p\u016fsobit stimula\u010dn\u011b na obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m t\u00edm, \u017ee zvy\u0161uj\u00ed produkci d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch imunitn\u00edch l\u00e1tek<\/strong>, jako je sekre\u010dn\u00ed imunoglobulin A (sIgA<\/strong>), kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee patogeny nemohou p\u0159ilnout ke sliznici<\/strong> a mno\u017eit se. Nebo interleukin-10 (IL 10<\/strong>), poselsk\u00e1 l\u00e1tka imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 protiz\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek a vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1 pom\u011br TH1 a TH2. I zde jsou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pomoc\u00ed<\/strong> medic\u00ednsky relevantn\u00ed probiotika<\/strong>: Ve studii se z\u00e1vodn\u00edmi sportovci se p\u0159i u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00edcedruhov\u00e9ho probiotika slo\u017een\u00e9ho ze 6 imunomodula\u010dn\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch kmen\u016f po dobu pouh\u00fdch 4 t\u00fddn\u016f normalizovala hodnota sIgA u 44 % testovan\u00fdch osob.<\/p>

Unser Mikrobiom<\/strong> ist also ma\u00dfgeblich an der Entstehung<\/strong>, aber auch der Vorbeugung von Allergien beteiligt<\/strong>. Das er\u00f6ffnet gerade auch jenen Menschen Handlungsm\u00f6glichkeiten, die \u2013 und dazu geh\u00f6rt mittlerweile die gro\u00dfe Mehrheit der Weltbev\u00f6lkerung \u2013 weit au\u00dferhalb der Reichweite von Bauernhof-Stallstaub aufgewachsen sind. Eine starke Darmflora<\/strong><\/a> sorgt f\u00fcr eine starke Darmbarriere<\/strong> und das l\u00e4sst unser Immunsystem<\/strong> toleranter<\/strong> gegen\u00fcber ohnedies harmlosen<\/strong> \u00e4u\u00dferen Einfl\u00fcssen<\/strong> sein \u2013 von Katzenhaar bis zu Birkenpolle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n \"\" <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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\n Dr. Adolf Heschl \n Der Experte im Portr\u00e4t <\/span>\n <\/div>\n
\n Dr. Adolf Heschl studierte Zoologie und Botanik an der Karl-Franzens-Universit\u00e4t Graz. Der Biologe und Evolutionsforscher widmet sich seit mehr als 10 Jahren als wissenschaftlicher Berater der Mikrobiomforschung. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch o n\u00ed ani nev\u00edme, dokud na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku nezaklepe na dve\u0159e jaro a vzduchem neza\u010dne bzu\u010det prvn\u00ed pyl: Nejpozd\u011bji s prvn\u00edm k\u00fdchnut\u00edm si zase vzpomeneme na sv\u00e9 alergie. V modern\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch zem\u00edch jsou alergick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let na vzestupu. St\u0159evo, a zejm\u00e9na st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie, zde hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli. Jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi partnery pro imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v ran\u00e9m d\u011btstv\u00ed a maj\u00ed vliv i na v\u00fdvoj alergi\u00ed v dosp\u011blosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":18507,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18194","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-potize-a-poradenstvi"],"acf":[],"rank_math":{"og:title":"Alergie: Co d\u011blat p\u0159i p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 reakci imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu","og:desc":"Zejm\u00e9na na ja\u0159e se se na\u0161e alergie zase za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed hl\u00e1sit o slovo. Pyl, ale i prach nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed srst mnoh\u00fdm z n\u00e1s znep\u0159\u00edjem\u0148uj\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot.","og:url":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/blog\/alergie-a-prehnana-reakce-imunity\/","og:locale":"cs_CZ","og:image":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/03\/CZ_Alergie_Prick_Test-1.jpg","og:image:width":"700","og:image:height":"500"},"additional_data":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2024\/03\/CZ_Alergie_Prick_Test-1.jpg"},"blog_info":{"country":"cs-cz"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18194","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18194"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18194\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18820,"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18194\/revisions\/18820"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18194"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18194"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18194"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}