{"id":19053,"date":"2024-08-08T14:59:39Z","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T12:59:39Z","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/?p=19053"},"modified":"2024-08-08T15:30:12Z","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T13:30:12Z","slug":"vliv-strevnich-bakterii-na-hormony","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.omni-biotic.com\/cs-cz\/blog\/vliv-strevnich-bakterii-na-hormony\/","title":{"rendered":"Vliv st\u0159evn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed na na\u0161e hormony"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Slo\u017een\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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To, co v\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali ji\u017e ve starov\u011bku, je nyn\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce uzn\u00e1v\u00e1no v modern\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b. A sice, \u017ee st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie<\/strong> <\/a>ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed v mnoha ohledech. Rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, kter\u00e9 slo\u017eky potravy se v t\u011ble absorbuj\u00ed a jak se zbavit nepot\u0159ebn\u00fdch zbytk\u016f, maj\u00ed vliv na n\u00e1\u0161 imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m,<\/strong> <\/a>ale i na regulaci t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti. Stovky r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f bakteri\u00ed os\u00eddluj\u00ed na\u0161e st\u0159eva a nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry – tj. zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd pod\u00edl „\u0161patn\u00fdch“ a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd pod\u00edl „dobr\u00fdch“ bakteri\u00ed – m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd vliv na zdrav\u00ed. Zdravotn\u00edmi d\u016fsledky t\u00e9to nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry mohou b\u00fdt chronick\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 st\u0159evn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed,<\/strong><\/a> potravinov\u00e9 intolerance<\/a><\/strong> a alergie,<\/strong><\/a> stejn\u011b jako psychick\u00e9 poruchy<\/strong> a neurologick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/strong> Obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l mikrobiomu pro na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed je st\u00e1le z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti neprozkouman\u00fd, ale \u010detn\u00e9 studie ji\u017e prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee st\u0159evn\u00ed bakterie<\/strong> mohou ovliv\u0148ovat v\u0161echny oblasti na\u0161eho organismu – v\u010detn\u011b hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pr\u016f\u0159ez vaje\u010dn\u00edkem pod mikroskopem<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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St\u0159evo - hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed centr\u00e1la?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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St\u0159evo a mozek<\/strong><\/a> jsou \u00fazce propojeny mimo jin\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nervov\u00fdch drah (enter\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m), metabolick\u00fdch produkt\u016f st\u0159evn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed a hormon\u016f.<\/strong> St\u0159evo m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad mozku sd\u011blit, kter\u00e9 \u017eiviny t\u011blu chyb\u00ed. Cel\u00e1 \u0159ada na\u0161ich hormon\u016f je dokonce produkov\u00e1na v samotn\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b v z\u00e1vislosti na slo\u017een\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry.<\/strong> <\/a>Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b hormony \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed dopamin a serotonin<\/strong> a ve st\u0159evech se tak\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00ed vysok\u00e9 koncentrace sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho hormonu melatoninu. Hormony ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot a n\u00e1\u0161 hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj je patrn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i narozen\u00ed, ve f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje d\u00edt\u011bte, b\u011bhem puberty a v obdob\u00ed menopauzy nebo andropauzy<\/strong> (menopauza u \u017een i mu\u017e\u016f).<\/div>
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Krom\u011b endokrinn\u00edch (hormon\u00e1ln\u00edch) \u017el\u00e1z, kter\u00e9 uvol\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u00e9 sekrety do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu, se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu tak\u00e9 mikrobiom<\/strong> coby producent biochemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, a tedy jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd faktor centr\u00e1ln\u00edch t\u011blesn\u00fdch zm\u011bn.<\/strong> Souhra st\u0159evn\u00edch bakteri\u00ed<\/strong> m\u00e1 tedy v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv nejen na metabolick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je diabetes 2. typu nebo obezita.<\/strong> Nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ra<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 podporovat tvorbu z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdch a autoimunitn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nebo n\u00e1dor\u016f a m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd vliv na endokrinologick\u00e1 (hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed) onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/strong><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Hladina estrogenu v nerovnov\u00e1ze<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom<\/strong> hraje hlavn\u00ed roli v regulaci hladiny estrogenu v t\u011ble, a ovliv\u0148uje tak riziko vzniku n\u011bkter\u00fdch hormon\u00e1ln\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Pokud je st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobiom<\/strong> v rovnov\u00e1ze,<\/strong> t\u011blo produkuje spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed enzymu \u00df-glukoronid\u00e1zy,<\/strong> kter\u00fd je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za regulaci hladiny estrogenu v t\u011ble, zejm\u00e9na ve vaje\u010dn\u00edc\u00edch. Naru\u0161en\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy mikroorganism\u016f<\/strong> ve st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3\u0159e m\u016f\u017ee naopak naru\u0161it aktivitu tohoto enzymu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nedostate\u010dn\u00e9mu nebo nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed voln\u00e9ho estrogenu.<\/strong> Mezi onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 z toho mohou vypl\u00fdvat, pat\u0159\u00ed endometri\u00f3za,<\/strong> <\/a>rakovina prsu a prostaty<\/strong> a syndrom polycystick\u00fdch vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f (PCOS).<\/strong><\/p>

N\u011bkter\u00e9 hormony jsou produkov\u00e1ny v samotn\u00e9m st\u0159ev\u011b v z\u00e1vislosti na slo\u017een\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>

PCOS<\/strong> je nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed porucha u \u017een v plodn\u00e9m v\u011bku. V Evrop\u011b j\u00ed trp\u00ed 4-12 % \u017een – posti\u017eeni mohou b\u00fdt i jejich mu\u017e\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed. U \u017een je PCOS charakterizov\u00e1n zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fdmi vaje\u010dn\u00edky<\/strong> s mnoha mal\u00fdmi cystami<\/strong> po okraj\u00edch. Mezi typick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong> pat\u0159\u00ed vynech\u00e1n\u00ed menstruace,<\/strong> nenapln\u011bn\u00e1 touha po d\u011btech, obezita a kosmetick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my,<\/strong> jako je vypad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vlas\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 ochlupen\u00ed nebo \u0161patn\u00e1 ple\u0165. PCOS je \u010dasto spojen s inzulinovou rezistenc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu skr\u00fdv\u00e1 riziko vzniku cukrovky 2. typu. Zvy\u0161uje se tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobnost kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/strong> P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou PCOS je nadbytek mu\u017esk\u00fdch hormon\u016f (androgen\u016f) v pom\u011bru k \u017eensk\u00e9mu hormonu estrogenu. Mezi mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny t\u00e9to nerovnov\u00e1hy<\/strong> v hormon\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9mu pat\u0159\u00ed genetick\u00e1 predispozice<\/strong> (i kdy\u017e pro PCOS neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd specifick\u00fd gen) a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina testosteronu u matky b\u011bhem t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed – nebo ve st\u0159evn\u00edm mikrobiomu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Mikrobiom a PCOS?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Z kvalitativn\u00edch studi\u00ed v\u00edme, \u017ee mikrobiom m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat k pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm spojen\u00fdm s PCOS t\u00edm, \u017ee ovliv\u0148uje energetick\u00fd metabolismus, t\u011blesnou hmotnost a citlivost na inzul\u00edn. Je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1mo a jasn\u011b prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ra<\/strong><\/a> je \u00fazce propojen\u00e1 s chronick\u00fdmi z\u00e1n\u011bty a zv\u00fd\u0161enou propustnost\u00ed st\u0159eva.<\/strong><\/a> D\u011bdi\u010dnost specifick\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt vliv i na d\u011bdi\u010dnost PCOS, kterou nelze jednozna\u010dn\u011b vysv\u011btlit geneticky.<\/p>

V r\u00e1mci n\u011bkolika ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch rakousk\u00fdch (pilotn\u00edch) studi\u00ed byla zkoum\u00e1na souvislost se slo\u017een\u00edm mikrobiomu u pacientek s PCOS<\/strong> ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se zdrav\u00fdmi kontroln\u00edmi skupinami. Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee fek\u00e1ln\u00ed mikrobiom pacientek s PCOS je v\u00fdrazn\u011b pozm\u011bn\u011bn, a m\u00e1 tedy ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed diverzitu a pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed fyl\u016f.<\/strong> Krom\u011b toho bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00e9 parametry sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 funkci st\u0159evn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry<\/strong> a endotoxemii (pozn. p\u0159ekl. „otrava“ zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 rozpadem bakteri\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed tzv. endotoxiny bakteri\u00ed a dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed se do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu).<\/p>

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Mikrobiom zcela evidentn\u011b \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s produkc\u00ed hormon\u016f v t\u011ble<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 propustnost st\u0159evn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry<\/strong> m\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad negativn\u00ed dopad na citlivost na inzul\u00edn, tj. je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00edce inzul\u00ednu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k cukrovce.<\/strong> Zvy\u0161uje se tak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed biologicky dostupn\u00fdch androgen\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu.<\/strong> Krom\u011b pozm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9ho mikrobiomu byla zji\u0161t\u011bna tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina<\/strong> z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho parametru zonulinu,<\/strong> kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n nejen za marker st\u0159evn\u00ed propustnosti, ale souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 se sn\u00ed\u017eenou bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed diverzitou<\/strong> ve st\u0159evech pacient\u016f s PCOS.<\/p>

Existuje tedy fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u00fazce propojen\u00e1 interakce mezi mikrobiomem<\/strong> a (pohlavn\u00edmi) hormony, imunitou a energetick\u00fdm metabolismem.<\/strong> P\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdznam mikrobiomu je t\u0159eba ur\u010dit ve studi\u00edch, ale prvn\u00ed poznatky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee modulace naru\u0161en\u00e9 st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrofl\u00f3ry<\/strong> u pacientek s PCOS m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu p\u0159edstavovat novou terapeutickou mo\u017enost, jak c\u00edlen\u00fdm pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm probiotik<\/strong><\/a> pozitivn\u011b ovlivnit hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu i pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i endokrinologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, a to bez vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f spojen\u00fdch se sou\u010dasnou medikac\u00ed. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 projekty se v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti budou tomuto vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edmu t\u00e9matu intenzivn\u011b v\u011bnovat i nad\u00e1le a jist\u011b potvrd\u00ed dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdznam mikrobiomu pro na\u0161e zdrav\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Hormony<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Slovo hormon je odvozeno ze staro\u0159eck\u00e9ho slova „hormaen“, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 dod\u00e1vat energii nebo stimulovat. Term\u00edn zavedl anglick\u00fd fyziolog Ernest Starling, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za objevitele tr\u00e1vic\u00edho hormonu sekretinu.<\/strong> Hormony jsou produkov\u00e1ny endokrinn\u00edmi \u017el\u00e1zami<\/strong> a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo do krve – t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem mohou p\u016fsobit i na bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 jsou vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 od m\u00edsta, kde jsou hormony produkov\u00e1ny, a funguj\u00ed tak jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00ed chemi\u010dt\u00ed „poslov\u00e9“<\/strong> mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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P\u0159ehled nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hormon\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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